B.

Communist Party of India.

A.

China

Parties are essential for a democracy to sustain itself. The rise of political parties is directly associated with the inception of representative democracies.

i. The party system is not something any country can choose.

ii. It actually develops out of the nature and the culture of society on which it is built.

iii. The social and regional divisions, its history of politics and the system of elections also play a role.

iv. Each country develops a party system which is conditioned by its special circumstances. For example, India has evolved a multi-party system because of its social and geographical diversity which cannot be easily absorbed by two or three political parties.

v. Political parties formulate policies to attain collective good, and there can be different views on what is good for all. Therefore, no party system is ideal for all countries in all situations.

C.

Election symbol

Due to the following reasons political parties are necessary for democracy:-

• They provide voters with alternative ways of governance and economic management on which the voters can exercise choice.
• They provide candidates in elections who, if victorious, go to the legislature to make laws.
• They provide the leaders who form the government to run the administration.
• They also form the opposition in the legislature to act as a check on the government.
• They provide a means for the general people to make their voices heard in the legislature and government. They represent the people in the legislature and ensure that laws are passed to reflect the will of the people.